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J; B. HANNAY; PROCESS OP MANUFACTURING SULPHATE 'OF LEAD PIGMENT.

Patented June 3 (No Model.)

' No. 429,522;A

UNITED STATES PATENT firmen'. i

JAMES B. I-IANNAY, OF LOCH LONG, COUNTY OF DUMBARTON, SCOTLAND,

ASSIGNOR TO THE WHITE LEAD COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENG- LAND.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SUL'PHATE-OF-LEAD PIGMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 429,522, dated J' une 3, 1890.

Application led May 31, 1889I Serial No. 312,731. (No specimens.) Patentediu England January 24, 1889, No. 1,282; in France May 20, 1889, No. 198,335; in Belgium May 20, 1889, No. 86,300; in Victoria June 21,1889, No. 6,841; in New South Wales June 24,1889, No. 1,494; in South Australia ,Tune 25, 1889, No. 1,338; in Norway July 11, 1889, No.1,413; in Luxemburg July 11, 1889, No. 1,156 in QueeuslandAugust 16, 1889, No. 821 in Spain August 30, 1889,No. 9,622; iu Italy September 11,1889, LI, 'in Canada November 21, 1889, No. 32,891; in Cape of Good Hope December 20, 1889, No. 569,

and in India February 21, 1890, No. 205.

To all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that'I, JAMES BALLANTYNE HANNAY, a citizen of England, residing at Cove Castle, Loch Long, in the county of Dumbarton, Scotland, have invented a new and useful Process for the Manufacture ofA Sulphate-of-Lead Pigment, (for which I have obtained patent in Great Britain, dated J anuary 24, 1889, No. 1,282; in Cape of Good Hope, dated December 20, 1889, No. 569; in Norway, dated July 11, 1889, No. 1,418; in Luxemburg, dated July 11, 1889, No. 1,156; in Queensland, dated August 16, 1889, No. 821; in Italy, dated September 11, 1889, Vol. LI, No. 25; in Victoria, dated June 21, 1889, No. 6,841; in New South Vales, dated June 24, 1889, No. 1,494; in South Australia, dated June 25, 1889, No.'1,338; in France, dated May 2o,1es9,No.19e,335, in Belgium, dated May 20, 1889, No. 86,300; in Canada, dated November 21, 1889, No. 32,891; in Spain, dated August 30, 1889, No. 9,622, and in India, dated February 21, 1890, No. 205,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a process for treatment oi' galena or other suitable lead ore containing sulphur, so as to produce sulphate of lead in a pure state, available as a pigment. For this purpose I volatilize the ore, along with additional sulphur, if necessary, in a furnace constructed and worked as a gas-producer. The ore is sprinkled over or through the coke with which the producer is fed, and the fumes, along with the produced gases, of which combustible carbonio oxide forms part, pass into a combustion-chamber, to which air is admitted. In this chamber the combustible gases burn, and the fumes are Vreheated and become oxidized, producing sulphate of lead. From the combustion chamber the gases, along with the sulphate-of-lead fumes, pass up a vertical tower or flue (in which part of the sulphate is deposited) to a condenser, in which, by means of a steam-jet acting as an injector, the gases and fumes are caused to pass through water. In this water the principal part of the sulphate of lead is deposited. The mixture of sulphate of lead and water is drained or pumped from the condenser-tank and washed with Water, preferably several times, and is then dried and ready for use. The fumes generally carry with them metallic oxides, which, if left in the sulphate of lead, would affect the purity of its white color. The oxides which usually accompany the fumes being soluble in dilute sulphuric acid, it is of advantage to acidulate the water of the condenser and also that of the first washing-tank with a little sulphuric acid, which dissolvesvthe oxides present, so that they are washed out. rlhe powdery sulphate deposited in the flue and passages is from time to time removed and washed, first with acidulated water and then along with the product vfrom the condenser. In some cases the gases and fumes carry with them to the condenser a quant-ity of free sulphurous acid, which, by the action of the steam and water, becomes converted into sulphuric acid. When this is present, it is unnecessary to add further acid to the condenser.

This process `may be carried out by apparatus arranged in various ways.

I shall now, referring to the accompanying drawings, describe a suitable arrangement which forms the subject of an application for patent of even date with the present.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the whole apparatus, and Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the furnace.

- A is the volatilizing producer-furn'ace,which which are partly combustible, pass along with the fumes from the ore through a narrow opening a2 into the combustion-chamber B, into which air is admitted or blown by tuyeres h, and in which chamber the combustible gases burn, and thereby reheat the fumes to oxidize the same. From the combustion-chamber B the gases and fumes pass along a flue h', then ascend the tower C, and thence they pass along a horizontal fine D, at the end of which is a steam-injector jet E. By the action of this jet the gases and fumes are caused to pass through several perm eablc screens f, immersed in the water or acidulated water of the condenser F. The gases escape at the top of the condenser, while the sulphate of lead subsides toward the funnelshaped bottom of the condenser. From this the mixture of water and sulphate is pumped by a pump Gr, while water is supplied to the condenser F from a cistern f', fed by a ballcock. From the pump G the mixture of water and sulphate is delivered to washingtanks, where the material is washed in the usual way, and whence, after subsidence and decantation, the washed sulphate is removed to be dried.

At the bottom of the tower C is a door, by which access is given to remove the powdery sulphate deposited in the tower and in the chamber B, other doors being provided, if necessary, to give access to various parts of the chamber and fines.

Although the drawings, Fig. l, show only one furnace A discharging its gases and fumes into the combustion-chamber B, there may be Several furnaces such as A communicating with the one chamber B, or with the flue Z1 beyond it, these furnaces being worked either simultaneously or in rotation; also, instead of a single steam-injector jet E, there may be several of these when the volume of fumes and gases is considerable.

I am aware of Letters Patent No. 281,045,

issued July l0, 1883, to II. Fraseh, and do not broadly claim what is therein described. My

invention differs from t-he prior process, in that I produce the fumes in a gas-producer,

and generate at the same time a quantity of combustible gas in admixture with the fumes, thereby providing the fuel, which, when air is admitted to the combustion-chamr ber, is burned and reheats the fumes and gives the heat required for their oxidation.

Having thus described the nature of this invention and the best means I know of carrying the same into practical eifect, I claii l. In the process for the manufacture of sulphate of lead, volatilizing lead ore containing sulphur in a producer-furnace, simultaneously generating therein combustible gas and fumes in admixture, conducting the gas and fumes to a combustion-chamber su pplied with air, and there reheating the fumes by burning the combustible gas in the combustion-chamber to secu re perfect oxidation, substantially as set forth.

2. The herein-described process for the manufacture of sulphate-of-lead pigment, the said process consisting of the following successive steps of operation: iirst, volatilizing suitable lead ore containing sulphur, and at the same time producing combustible gas mingled with the fumes of the mineral; secondly, admitting air to a combustion-chamber, so as to eifect combustion of the gases, and thereby reheating and oxidizing the fumes; thirdly, forcibly injecting the gaseous products and oxidized fumes through water or acidulated water in a condenser in which the sulphate of lead is deposited, and iinally washing' and drying the sulphate produced.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 9th day of May, A. D. 1889.

J. B. IIANNAY. lvitnesses:

OLIVERIMRAY, Patent Agent, 2S Souzcmnpton Bu/ZtZ/L'f/igs,

London, T/V. C'.

JN0. P. M. MILLARD, C'Zeru to llfessrs. Abel ci" Imray, Consulting Engineers cmd Patent Agents, 28 Southmnpzfon Build/ings; London, IV. C. 

